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SEC Filings

Signal8 Academy track

Reading SEC Filings

What each SEC form is for, where the important sentences hide, and how to read 8-Ks, 10-Qs, Form 4s and offering documents quickly.

Core forms

8-K Item Codes Explained: What Each Item Number MeansA field guide to Form 8-K item numbers, from 1.01 material agreements to 9.01 exhibits, and the four-business-day filing rule behind them.6 min
6-K, 20-F and 40-F: How Foreign Private Issuers Report to the SECWhy foreign companies file 6-Ks instead of 8-Ks, what the 20-F and 40-F annual reports contain, and how to read a 6-K that has no item numbers.7 min
10-Q and 10-K: The Five Sections to Read First on a Small CapA reading order for small-cap quarterly and annual reports, from liquidity and going concern to the equity note, plus filing deadlines by filer status.6 min
EDGAR Search Basics: CIKs, Accession Numbers and Full-Text SearchHow to find any SEC filing on EDGAR, read a CIK and an accession number, write full-text searches that work, and where Signal8's filing search fits in.5 min
Filing Timestamps: Acceptance Time, Filing Date and Period of ReportThe three dates on every SEC filing, the 5:30 p.m. ET cutoff and its 10 p.m. exceptions, and why acceptance time matters for reading news.6 min
Proxy Statements (PRE 14A, DEF 14A): Reverse Split and Share Increase VotesHow proxy statements work, why a preliminary proxy flags a charter change, and how reverse-split and authorized-share proposals are counted.6 min

Ownership & insiders

Form 4 Transaction Codes: P, S, A, M, F, G and the RestWhat each Form 4 transaction code means, why code F is not a discretionary sale, the two-business-day deadline, and how to read 10b5-1 footnotes.6 min
Form 144 Explained: Notice of Proposed Sale by AffiliatesWhat a Form 144 is, who files it, the 5,000-share and $50,000 thresholds, Rule 144 volume limits, and why a Form 144 does not prove a sale happened.6 min
Form 13F Explained: What Institutional Holdings Data Shows and HidesHow Form 13F works, who files it, the $100 million threshold and 45-day lag, and what the reports leave out, including short positions.5 min
Schedule 13D vs 13G: Activist and Passive 5% StakesThe difference between Schedule 13D and 13G, who may use each, the 5% trigger, and the shorter filing deadlines in force since 2024.6 min

Listing & compliance

Nasdaq Deficiency Notices: Bid Price, Equity and Late Filing RulesHow Nasdaq deficiency notices work, the $1 bid price rule and its 180-day periods, equity and late-filing standards, and the reverse split limits added in 2025.7 min
Form 25 and Form 15: Delisting vs DeregistrationForm 25 removes a security from an exchange; Form 15 ends or suspends SEC reporting. How each works, who files, the timelines and how to read them.6 min
NT 10-K and NT 10-Q: How Late Filing Notices WorkWhat an NT 10-K or NT 10-Q is, the Rule 12b-25 extension of 15 or 5 days, what the notice must disclose, and what happens if the report is still late.6 min

Offerings & deals

Form S-1 Explained: IPO vs Resale Registrations, S-1/A and EffectivenessHow a Form S-1 moves from first filing to effectiveness, the difference between an IPO S-1 and a resale S-1, and what 424B4 and 424B3 mean.5 min
Form D and Regulation D: Rule 506(b), 506(c) and the 15-Day FilingWhat Form D discloses, how Rule 506(b) and 506(c) private placements differ, how the 15-day deadline works, and why public companies file Form D.5 min
Tender Offers: SC TO-T, SC TO-I, Schedule 14D-9 and Going-Private 13E-3How tender offers are filed and timed, the difference between third-party and issuer offers, how proration works, and what a Schedule 13E-3 adds.6 min

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